In the footsteps of the finance industry, the energy sector has been caught by the blockchain fever. Conceived over a century ago, increased usage and an explosion of devices have made energy grids outdated. Smart grids offer a two-way dialogue where electricity and information are exchanged between utilities and its customers. This new grid takes advantages of connected devices and green energy production to provide more reliability, security and sustainability. Carsten Stöcker, Senior Manager Machine Economy & Blockchain at Innogy, shares his vision for how blockchains will serve as the transactional fabric for tomorrow’s smart grids. In this new paradigm, energy is locally produced and blockchains provide the rails on which local energy marketplaces can be built. The German utility has been conducting blockchain experiments for several years and is soon releasing the Mobility Transaction Platform moveX. The Ethereum-powered platform will serve an ecosystem of electric vehicles with transaction layer needed for charging, car sharing and mobility as a service. Topics covered in this episode: Carsten’s background in technology The history of RWE and creation of Innogy Business models in a decentralized economy How the energy grid system works The transition from the traditional grid to the smart grid How blockchains can be integrated in tomorrow’s smart grids Use cases for blockchain and energy Innogy’s moveX blockchain experiment for mobility Episode links: innogy Innovation Hub World Economic Forum - Decentral Blockchain Transaction Platform Share and Charge - Mobility on Blockchain Blockcharge - Electric Vehicle Charging on Ethereum Blockchain Genesis of Things - Industry 4.0 on Blockchain "Automating Machine Transactions and Building Trust in the 4th Industrial Revolution" "Free Electrons" - a new global energy start-up program This episode is hosted by Brian Fabian Crain and Sébastien Couture. Show notes and listening options: epicenter.tv/174

With both the Bitcoin Unlimited and Segregated Witness efforts far from reaching majority support and exploding transaction fees, the debate around how to scale Bitcoin continues on. One of the key arguments against bigger blocks and Bitcoin Unlimited is that a blocksize restriction is needed to create a healthy fee market. Dr Peter Rizun has been researching the economics of transaction fees in Bitcoin extensively and joined us to discuss what dynamics affect fees and why he thinks the blocksize limit will eventually fall. Topics covered in this episode: Bitcoin seen through the eyes of a physicist The dynamics that determine transaction fees in Bitcoin How orphaning risks drive the fee market economics The relationship between the block reward and the fee market Why the blocksize limit will eventually fall Why Peter supports Bitcoin Unlimited The state of discussion between Bitcoin Core and Bitcoin Unlimited Episode links: Dr. Peter Rizun's talk at Scaling Bitcoin Montreal 2015 Dr. Peter Rizun: "A Transaction Fee Market Exists Without a Block Size Limit" XT Nodes - Bitcoin Hashrate Distribution Bitco.in Forum Ledger - Peer-Reviewed Journal on Cryptocurrency and Blockchain This episode is hosted by Brian Fabian Crain and Meher Roy. Show notes and listening options: epicenter.tv/172