Just like all software, smart contracts on the blockchain are subject to serious security vulnerabilities and coding errors. The fact however that smart contracts are often directly in charge of assets and cannot be changed once they are on the blockchain, makes secure development and running essential. Some smart contract platforms have their own languages, for example Solidity in Ethereum. Bugs and vulnerabilities in the source code, and errors in the virtual machines used by the network, are the main reasons behind security issues in smart contracts. Projects using blockchain applications should expect constant changes in the security landscape. New bugs, security risks, and best practices will continue to emerge over time. Trail of Bits is a software security firm who advise in a range of industries for some top companies, including in the blockchain space. They are experts at identifying top-level risks and implementation vulnerabilities, and providing essential recommendations on best practices. Dan Guido, the CEO and Co-founder, explains all things software security in a really detailed and technical, yet easy to digest way. We also recommend you check out their exceptional blog packed with invaluable resources. Topics covered in this episode: Dan’s background and how he came to create Trail of BitsWhat led Dan into the blockchain fieldHow security software has changed over the last 20 yearsThe unique challenges for security on blockchain and smart contract protocolsSmart contract languages and securitySlither - Trail of Bits’s suite of Ethereum based security toolsDan’s opinion on Solidity’s future and Vyper as an alternativeFormally Verified LanguagesA use case on how Trail of Bits worksWorking with upgradeable contractsComposability and securityAre compilers trustworthy?Other security issues in the blockchain space as DeFi growsThe future of software security and the role of AIEpisode links: Trail of Bits WebsiteAnatomy of an Unsafe Smart Contract Programming LanguageSlither, GithubSlither: The Leading Static Analyzer for Smart Contracts246 Findings From our Smart Contract Audits: An Executive SummaryRapid Risk Assessment (RRA)Our Full Report on the Voatz Mobile Voting PlatformA Guide to Post-Quantum CryptographyBSides Lisbon 2016 - Keynote - The Smart Fuzzer Revolution by Dan GuidoThe Smart Fuzzer RevolutionTrail of Bits TwitterDan Guido TwitterThis episode is hosted by Sebastien Couture & Friederike Ernst. Show notes and listening options: epicenter.tv/346

Opyn is a smart contract-based insurance platform built on a generalized (supports both put and call) options protocol called Convexity. It is intended as a platform to protect DeFi users against both technical and financial risks, and a place where ETH holders can earn substantial premiums on their holdings by providing insurance. Opyn uses tokenized ERC20 put options, oTokens, on ETH to allow option buyers to keep their upside while limiting their downside. If you buy Opyn protection, you are buying “the right but not the obligation to sell an asset at a pre-specified price”. Currently, you can buy insurance for DAI, ETH, and USDC deposits on Compound and it is completely noncustodial and trustless. Zubin Koticha, CEO & Co-founder of Opyn, is currently working on V2 of the platform with his team. Their focus for improvements are in 3 main areas; cash efficiency, trading mechanism, and network effects. They are hoping to release this within the next 6 months. This is a much-needed generalizable insurance solution against some attacks/ vulnerabilities within the DeFi ecosystem and it will be very interesting to see how their contribution to DeFi progresses. Topics covered in this episode: Zubin’s background and how he got into cryptoHow Opyn was created and the roles within the companyThe evolution of the Opyn productUsing options as an insurance solutionThe difference between traditional markets and OpynAmerican vs European optionsImprovements they are making in V2 - capital efficiency, fungibility, network effectsThe collateral as a different asset featureTrading venueAn overview of VegaSwapTimelines for the new versionEpisode links: Opyn WebsiteOpyn WhitepaperWhat is Opyn?Opyn DiscordOpyn TwitterZubin Koticha TwitterThis episode is hosted by Friederike Ernst & Sunny Aggarwal. Show notes and listening options: epicenter.tv/344